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    Private Lands, Acquisition by Aliens.   Under Article XIII, Sections 1 and 4 of the 1935 Constitution, the
    privilege to acquire and exploit lands of the public domain, and other natural resources of the Philippines,
    and to operate public utilities, were reserved to Filipinos and entities owned or controlled by them. In
    Republic v. Quasha, the Court clarified that the Parity Rights Amendment of 1946, which re-opened to
    American citizens and business enterprises the right in the acquisition of lands of the public domain, the
    disposition, exploitation, development and utilization of natural resources of the Philippines, does not
    include the acquisition or exploitation of private agricultural lands. The prohibition against acquisition of
    private lands by aliens was carried on to the 1973 Constitution under Article XIV, Section 14, with the
    exception of private lands acquired by hereditary succession and when the transfer was made to a former
    natural-born citizen, as provided in Section 15, Article XIV. As it now stands, Article XII, Sections 7 and 8
    of the 1986 Constitution explicitly prohibits non-Filipinos from acquiring or holding title to private lands or
    to lands of the public domain, except only by way of legal succession or if the acquisition was made by a
    former natural-born citizen. (ANCHETA vs. GUERSEY-DALAYGON, G.R. No. 139868, June 8, 2006)

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  EO 52, PD 46, PD 1602, PD 1613, RA 7796, RA 7844, RA 7975, RA 8369, RA 8533, RA 8552, RA 8559, RA 8560, RA 8791, RA 9225, RA 9255,
  AO 01, s. 2002 (PHILCOA), RA 8048

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