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    Open Letter as Libelous Publication, Penalty is Fine only.   We find that the circumstances surrounding
    the writing of the open letter on which the libelous publications were based similarly warrant the imposition
    of the penalty of fine only, instead of both imprisonment and fine, in accordance with Art. 355 of the Penal
    Code. The intensely feverish passions evoked during the election period in 1988 must have agitated
    petitioner into writing his open letter. (BRILLANTE vs. COURT OF APPEALS et al., G.R. Nos. 118757
    & 121571, November 11, 2005)

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  EO 52, PD 46, PD 1602, PD 1613, RA 7796, RA 7844, RA 7975, RA 8369, RA 8533, RA 8552, RA 8559, RA 8560, RA 8791, RA 9225, RA 9255,
  AO 01, s. 2002 (PHILCOA), RA 8048

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