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    Agency by Estoppel, Elements.   Equally barren of merit is petitioners’ contention that respondent EC
    is estopped to deny the existence of a principal-agency relationship between it and Glanville or Delsaux.
    For an agency by estoppel to exist, the following must be established: (1) the principal manifested a
    representation of the agent's authority or knowlingly allowed the agent to assume such authority; (2) the
    third person, in good faith, relied upon such representation; (3) relying upon such representation, such
    third person has changed his position to his detriment. An agency by estoppel, which is similar to the
    doctrine of apparent authority, requires proof of reliance upon the representations, and that, in turn,
    needs proof that the representations predated the action taken in reliance. Such proof is lacking in this
    case. In their communications to the petitioners, Glanville and Delsaux positively and unequivocally
    declared that they were acting for and in behalf of respondent ESAC. (LINTONJUA, JR. et al. vs.
    ETERNIT CORPORATION et al., G.R. No. 144805 June 8, 2006)

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  EO 52, PD 46, PD 1602, PD 1613, RA 7796, RA 7844, RA 7975, RA 8369, RA 8533, RA 8552, RA 8559, RA 8560, RA 8791, RA 9225, RA 9255,
  AO 01, s. 2002 (PHILCOA), RA 8048

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